Read French / personal lessonsLesson 3 of 28
Read French · Lesson 3 · Sentence structure

Recognize the present

Connect common written verb forms to their meaning without reciting a conjugation table.

Prerequisite: the earlier lessons in this course, especially sentence structure and common present forms. Use the previous link if these are unfamiliar.

You can answer in English. Keep the translation closed for your first attempt. Dictionary use is compatible with independent reading; a successful exercise is not a fluency certificate.

Read before the explanation

Read for the main meaning first. Then consider this question: What does Nora want to do, what must Sami do, and what can they do during the meal?

First reading · Original course text · about 72 words

Une journée de travail

Nora et Sami travaillent près de la gare. Nora est libraire. Sami fait des affiches. Ils ont un petit bureau au-dessus du café. Le lundi, ils mangent ensemble. Aujourd’hui, Nora veut préparer une rencontre, mais Sami doit terminer un dessin. Ils peuvent parler pendant le repas. « Nous allons au café à midi », dit Nora. Une nouvelle collègue arrive. « Je m’appelle Lina. Vous avez une place pour moi ? »

Vocabulary for this passage
un bureau
an office or desk
au-dessus de
above
aujourd’hui
today
terminer
to finish
pendant
during
un repas
a meal
English reading, after your attempt

Nora and Sami work near the station. Nora is a bookseller. Sami makes posters. They have a small office above the café. On Mondays they eat together. Today Nora wants to prepare a meeting, but Sami must finish a drawing. They can talk during the meal. “We’re going to the café at noon,” Nora says. A new colleague arrives. “My name is Lina. Do you have a place for me?”

One contextual rendering, not a word-for-word substitution rule. Try another reading with this reveal closed.

Recognize a verb family

An infinitive is the dictionary form: parler, manger, appeler. Present forms change with the subject. For parler: je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent. The ending ent on parlent belongs to the plural verb; it is not an extra word. Manger gives nous mangeons, and appeler gives j’appelle but nous appelons.

Recognize the form attached to a subject

An infinitive is a dictionary form that names a verb without connecting it to a particular subject. Marcher means to walk. In Mila marche, Mila walks, marche is a form attached to a subject. A finite verb is a form that carries a sentence's grammatical tense and connects to its subject. Tense is the grammatical way a verb places a situation in time. You do not need to produce the entire verb family to recognize this distinction between a dictionary label and the form making a statement.

Compare Je marche and Nous marchons. Je means I, while nous means we. The endings change as the subject changes, but both sentences describe walking in the present. Marchons is not a different activity from marche. Its ending helps connect the action to nous. A stem is the shared part of related forms, here the letters before the changing ending. Recognizing a stem helps with unfamiliar sentences, but common verbs can have stems that change too. Treat it as a recognition aid, not an automatic decoding procedure.

A shared verb family changes form

French wordingReading consequence
Je marche.I walk; singular speaker.
Nous marchons.We walk; speaker and others.
Elles regardent le jardin.They look at the garden; plural feminine subject.
MarcherDictionary form: to walk, without a stated subject.
The activity remains walking or looking while the finite form changes with its subject. The dictionary form names the activity without making the same subject-linked statement.

For many verbs whose infinitive ends in -er, the written forms supply recurring clues. Tu regardes means you look at, with tu addressing one person. Elles regardent means they look at, with elles referring to a feminine plural group. The endings belong to the verb. They are not additional participants or separate words to translate. English often changes less visibly across these subjects. Keep the French subject and verb together rather than expecting one unchanging spelling to correspond to the English dictionary entry look at.

Compare La voisine regarde le jardin and Les voisines regardent le jardin. Voisine means a female neighbour, and le jardin means the garden. The first has one neighbour; the second has several. The article and noun mark the subject group's number, and the verb agrees with that group. The garden remains singular in both. The nearest noun after a verb does not determine its ending. Connect the finite verb backward to the subject in this ordinary order, then attach the following object as what the neighbours look at.

Not every word ending in the letters ent is a plural verb, and not every present verb has that ending. Ils parlent souvent means they often speak. Parlent is the plural verb; souvent means often and does not change with the subject. In Ils sont ici, they are here, sont is the present form of be. The short panels keep whole sentence relationships visible instead of treating endings as independent words. Use the subject, recognizable verb family, and the rest of the sentence together before assigning a grammatical role from spelling alone.

Plural marking belongs to the verb

A speaking action

Ils parlent souvent.

Ils
Plural subject: they
parlent
Finite present verb: speak
souvent.
Frequency: often
A location state

Ils sont ici.

Ils
Plural subject: they
sont
Finite present verb: are
ici.
Location: here
Both sentences contain plural subjects. One has a verb with the common plural ending; the other uses an irregular present form, followed by a location.

Some familiar infinitives change their spelling inside the present family. Appeler means to call, but J'appelle Mila means I call Mila. Nous appelons Mila means we call Mila. The doubled consonant appears in one form, not the other. Likewise manger, to eat, gives nous mangeons, we eat. These are spelling patterns within a family, not reasons to invent unrelated dictionary meanings. For recognition, look up the full printed form if the family is uncertain. You need to connect the encountered form to the sentence, not reconstruct every spelling from memory.

Learn frequent irregular forms in context

Être has suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont. Avoir has ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont. Aller has vais, vas, va, allons, allez, vont. Faire includes fait and font; pouvoir includes peut and peuvent; vouloir includes veut and veulent; devoir includes doit and doivent. These forms recur constantly. Use the recognition reference rather than delaying reading until every form is memorized.

Read irregular verbs as relationships

Irregular means that a verb does not follow the most familiar recurring pattern throughout its forms. Être, to be, gives est in Le jardin est calme, the garden is quiet. It gives sont in Les rues sont calmes, the streets are quiet. The forms look different but express the same basic state relationship with different subjects. Do not try to derive sont by adding a regular ending to être. The recognition reference supplies these frequent families so you can identify them without delaying meaningful reading for a long conjugation exercise.

Avoir commonly means to have. Le voisin a une voiture says the neighbour has a car; les voisins ont une voiture says the neighbours have a car. Here voisin means a male neighbour, and voiture means car. The object noun group stays singular as the subject and verb become plural. The wording alone need not settle shared versus individual ownership or count every car owned. The little word a is a verb form. À, with an accent, is a different word used in relationships such as location or direction. Preserve the printed accent rather than treating these spellings as interchangeable.

Distinguish a relationship from an event

French wordingReading consequence
Mila peut entrer.Entry is possible or permitted in context.
Mila veut entrer.Entry is wanted.
Mila doit entrer.Entry is required in the ordinary obligation reading.
The following activity stays entering, but the finite form changes the claim. Ability, wanting, and obligation do not independently establish that the entry actually happens.

Having in French also appears in expressions that English phrases with be. Mila a faim means Mila is hungry, since avoir faim expresses hunger. Mila a vingt ans gives her age as twenty, with ans meaning years. These sentences do not describe ownership of hunger or years as physical possessions. Recognize the whole expression before selecting an English wording. The form a still belongs to avoir even when English uses is. A dictionary label such as have identifies the family but cannot dictate the translation of every construction containing it.

Aller means to go, and faire commonly means to do or make. Mila va au marché means Mila goes to the market, with au marché supplying the destination. Mila fait une liste means she makes a list. Compare Les voisins vont au marché and Les voisins font une liste, where les voisins means the neighbours. Vont and font are different verbs, despite their similar length and endings. Read the following group as evidence too, but do not assume that a plausible destination or object can replace identifying the printed verb.

Some finite verbs express a relationship to another action. Mila peut entrer means Mila can enter; entrer is the infinitive to enter. Peut comes from pouvoir, to be able to or can. Mila veut entrer means she wants to enter, using veut from vouloir. Mila doit entrer commonly means she must enter, using doit from devoir. None of these alone says that she enters successfully. Ability, desire, and obligation can differ. The comparison is about the writer's claim concerning entry, not three alternative descriptions of a completed entry.

Only one form carries subject agreement

Waiting is possible

Les voisins peuvent attendre.

Les voisins
Plural subject: the neighbours
peuvent
Finite present form: can
attendre.
Infinitive: to wait, the possible activity
Waiting is wanted

Les voisins veulent attendre.

Les voisins
Plural subject: the neighbours
veulent
Finite present form: want
attendre.
Infinitive: to wait, the desired activity
The plural finite form carries the relationship to the subject. The following infinitive names the possible or desired activity without becoming a second finite statement.

Keep the finite form distinct from the following infinitive. In Les voisins peuvent attendre, les voisins means the neighbours and attendre means to wait. Peuvent connects to the plural subject; attendre remains the dictionary-shaped action. A sentence can therefore contain more than one verb without describing unrelated events. Later lessons examine such groups in detail. Here recover the main relationship as the neighbours can wait. Do not replace can with want just because waiting seems reasonable in the situation, and do not infer that their waiting has already begun.

Use the subject and situation

On normally takes a singular verb even when it means we: on travaille. Vous can address one person politely or several people. In je m’appelle Nora, m’ belongs to the pronominal verb s’appeler. Present forms can describe a habit, a current situation, or a scheduled future event. Context, not the form alone, supplies that distinction.

Let context locate the present

The present form does not always mean right this instant. Chaque mardi, Mila marche dans le parc describes a habit. Chaque mardi means every Tuesday, and dans le parc means in the park. Aujourd'hui, Mila marche dans le parc places the walking today, since aujourd'hui means today. Both use marche. English may choose walks or is walking depending on context. French does not require a separate helping verb corresponding to English is in every current-action sentence. Read the surrounding time expression before deciding how specific the time claim is.

A present form can also describe a scheduled future. Demain, le train arrive à huit heures means the train arrives tomorrow at eight, with demain meaning tomorrow and à huit heures at eight o'clock. Le train means the train. The future time comes from the explicit wording, not from a future ending on arrive. Contrast Le train arrive maintenant, the train arrives now, where maintenant means now. Do not erase tomorrow because a verb appears in the present family. Grammatical form and the time of the described situation are related but not identical.

Time words locate the same present form

French wordingReading consequence
Chaque mardi, Mila marche.A recurring Tuesday habit.
Aujourd'hui, Mila marche.Walking placed today.
Demain, le train arrive.Arrival placed tomorrow.
Le train arrive maintenant.Arrival placed now.
The printed verb stays in the present family. Frequency, current time, and a future schedule come from the surrounding time expressions rather than an ending change.

On usually takes the same finite form as il or elle, but its meaning depends on context. On marche ensemble can mean we walk together, with ensemble meaning together. In a general description, Ici, on marche beaucoup can mean people walk a lot here, with beaucoup meaning a lot. The singular verb form does not establish one person walking alone. Ask whether the writer includes a known group, describes people in general, or leaves the people unspecified. The answer comes from the surrounding passage rather than the ending by itself.

Vous can address several people or one person politely. Vous attendez ici means you wait here, with attendez from attendre, to wait. The verb form alone does not tell you how many addressees there are. A greeting to a named customer may establish a single polite addressee; an instruction addressed to several visitors may establish a plural one. Both are ordinary readings. If the passage gives neither context, leave the number open. Recognizing the form correctly is compatible with acknowledging that a social relationship remains unspecified by the grammar.

A pronominal verb includes a small pronoun associated with its subject as part of the construction. In Je m'appelle Zoé, the whole expression means my name is Zoé. M' is a shortened me, connected with je, and appelle is the finite form. Compare J'appelle Zoé, I call Zoé. The extra small pronoun changes the construction, even though the verb spelling looks familiar. Do not translate m'appelle mechanically as call me in this self-introduction. Recognize the naming expression as a unit while keeping its subject visible.

A state can be current or recurring

Current description

Maintenant, la salle est froide.

Maintenant,
Time: now
la salle
Subject: the room
est
Finite present verb: is
froide.
Description of the room: cold
Recurring seasonal description

En hiver, la salle est froide.

En hiver,
Time: in winter
la salle
Subject: the room
est
Finite present verb: is
froide.
Description of the room: cold
Both panels describe the room as cold. The time expression distinguishes a current description from a recurring seasonal one without changing the present verb form.

Present forms can state descriptions as well as actions, and descriptions can be temporary or general. La salle est froide says the room is cold, with salle meaning room and froide cold. The sentence alone does not establish whether it is always cold or merely cold now. En hiver, la salle est froide adds in winter and supports a recurring seasonal description. The panels compare this with a current-time reading. Duration is not encoded by the word est alone. Use explicit time language or the larger scene before supplying a permanent condition in your summary.

Verb recognition reference
French evidenceWhat it supports
je suis · tu es · il/elle/on est · nous sommes · vous êtes · ils/elles sont

Être: be.

j’ai · tu as · il/elle/on a · nous avons · vous avez · ils/elles ont

Avoir: have; also an auxiliary in compound tenses.

je vais · tu vas · il/elle/on va · nous allons · vous allez · ils/elles vont

Aller: go; with an infinitive, often a coming action.

je fais · tu fais · il/elle/on fait · nous faisons · vous faites · ils/elles font

Faire: do or make.

je peux · tu peux · il/elle/on peut · nous pouvons · vous pouvez · ils/elles peuvent

Pouvoir: can or be able to; sometimes permission.

je veux · tu veux · il/elle/on veut · nous voulons · vous voulez · ils/elles veulent

Vouloir: want.

je dois · tu dois · il/elle/on doit · nous devons · vous devez · ils/elles doivent

Devoir: must or have to; some contexts express an inference.

Recognize these forms in context. This reference is not an instruction to memorize every conjugation before continuing.

Inspect a sentence

A different case clears the selection, feedback, and worked reveal. Reset keeps the current case.

Nora et Sami sont collègues.

Select the present-tense verb with a plural subject.

Choose one segment, then check. Selection is not automatically marked. All cases are hand-annotated examples, not automatic grammar analysis.

Ils peuvent parler pendant le repas.

Worked sentence structure
French evidenceWhat it supports
Ils

Subject: they

peuvent

Can, present plural

parler

Infinitive: speak

pendant le repas.

Time

Peuvent is the ils/elles form of pouvoir. Parler remains an infinitive after it.

Compare recognition with the sentence evidence

In Plural subject, identify which printed form connects to the plural subject and which names the following activity. The target is a finite present form, not simply any word meaning an action. Use Check selection after making that distinction. Then open Worked sentence structure to compare the infinitive with the finite form in the same sentence. The distinction should remain intelligible when the explanation is closed. A keyed selection checks your choice among the curated segments; it does not test whether you can produce all present forms of the verb.

In A shared activity, compare the subject's grammatical agreement with the number of people involved in the context. These are different questions. The same singular form can describe a shared activity when the subject means we. Check the sentence evidence rather than deciding from the number of letters in the subject. Switching cases clears the earlier selection and explanation, so the next decision concerns the new wording. There is no hidden score for reading speed. The useful result is an explanation of how the printed subject and finite verb belong together.

What the finite form commits to

French wordingReading consequence
Nous préparons une soupe.Preparing soup is directly stated.
Nous pouvons préparer une soupe.Preparing soup is possible in context.
Nous voulons préparer une soupe.Preparing soup is wanted.
Preparing soup is stated directly in one row and embedded under a relationship in the others. A shared infinitive or object cannot establish identical claims.

Work through Nous pouvons préparer une soupe. Nous means we, pouvons means can, préparer means to prepare, and une soupe means a soup. First connect pouvons to nous. Then read préparer une soupe as the possible activity. Finally distinguish that possibility from a claim that soup already exists. The sentence permits an account about ability or an available option, depending on context. It does not by itself promise that anyone wants to cook. This fresh example uses the same two-verb mechanism without requiring a new conjugation from you.

Contrast Nous préparons une soupe, where préparons means prepare with nous. The cooking is now the activity being stated directly. Nous voulons préparer une soupe instead introduces wanting through voulons. The following words remain identical, but the writer's commitment changes. A summary that says we make soup for all three would lose those distinctions. If a recipe introduction describes an option, can may be appropriate; if dialogue describes someone's plan, wants to may be essential. Use the actual finite form rather than letting the shared object decide the whole meaning.

A familiar form may later appear as part of a different tense. Mila a une soupe says Mila has a soup. Mila a préparé une soupe describes her having prepared one. The word préparé is supplied here as prepared; its final accent distinguishes it from préparer. Later lessons explain the compound past. At this point, the useful limit is that finding a present form of avoir does not guarantee the whole verb group describes a present possession. Inspect what follows before treating every a as a complete standalone have statement.

An added word can change the verb group

Present possession

Mila a une soupe.

Mila
Subject: the person discussed
a
Finite present verb: has
une soupe.
Direct object: a soup
A past preparation

Mila a préparé une soupe.

Mila
Subject: the person who prepared
a préparé
Compound verb group: has prepared
une soupe.
Direct object: what she prepared
The same short form can express possession or help form a past event. Inspect the following words before treating it as a complete standalone have statement.

A useful recognition account names both form and meaning without exceeding the evidence. For Demain, nous pouvons préparer une soupe, you can identify pouvons as a present form connected to nous, then explain that tomorrow is when preparing soup is possible. You cannot conclude that it is already cooking, that everyone wants it, or that it will certainly happen. In the new passage below, apply this distinction to its own people and actions. Familiar endings are clues, while the complete wording determines what kind of situation the writer actually presents.

Read a new passage

Does on travaille mean Inès works alone? Identify the forms of être and avoir in the first four sentences.

Transfer reading · Original course text · about 38 words

L’équipe

Je m’appelle Inès. Je suis journaliste. Mes collègues sont à Lyon. Ils font un reportage sur les transports. Nous avons peu de temps, mais nous voulons vérifier les chiffres. On travaille ensemble. Vous pouvez lire notre article demain.

Vocabulary for this passage
un reportage
a report
peu de
little
vérifier
to check
les chiffres
the figures
demain
tomorrow
English reading, after your attempt

My name is Inès. I am a journalist. My colleagues are in Lyon. They are doing a report about transport. We have little time, but we want to check the figures. We work together. You can read our article tomorrow.

One contextual rendering, not a word-for-word substitution rule. Try another reading with this reveal closed.

Explain your reading

Use the passages above as evidence. Write or say your answer before opening a hint or worked answer. The page does not judge free-form responses.

Separate desire, duty, and ability

What does Nora want to do, what must Sami do, and what can they do during the meal?

Hint

Compare veut, doit, and peuvent.

Worked answer
French evidenceWhat it supports
veut préparer une rencontre

Desire to prepare a meeting.

doit terminer un dessin

Obligation to finish a drawing.

Compare the quoted wording with the interpretation alongside it. Keep the surrounding passage in view.

Nora wants to prepare a meeting. Sami must finish a drawing. They can talk during the meal. These verbs describe different relationships to the following action; none says that all those actions are already complete.

Read a team’s present

Does on travaille mean Inès works alone? Identify the forms of être and avoir in the first four sentences.

Hint

Follow mes collègues and nous.

Worked answer
French evidenceWhat it supports
Nous avons peu de temps

Avons belongs to nous.

On travaille ensemble

Ensemble supports the shared-work reading.

Compare the quoted wording with the interpretation alongside it. Keep the surrounding passage in view.

No. On refers to the team in context. Suis and sont are forms of être; avons is a form of avoir. The article is available tomorrow, not necessarily now.

Review expressions in context

Changing sets restarts at the first item with its meaning hidden. Returning to an item also hides its meaning. Nothing is scheduled or stored after reload.

Item 1 of 6. Recall its meaning in this passage before revealing it.

un bureau

Meaning hidden

All review meanings
French evidenceWhat it supports
un bureau

an office or desk

au-dessus de

above

aujourd’hui

today

terminer

to finish

pendant

during

un repas

a meal

These are meanings in the lesson’s contexts. The same expression can have other meanings elsewhere.
My reading record

Record the source and date, what you understood, evidence for key claims, and unresolved words or references. This page does not grade your writing. Notes are not sent anywhere and disappear on reload unless you copy or download them.

0 / 8000 characters

Support I used on this attempt
Text to copy instead
French reading record
Lesson: Recognize the present

Support I report using: Not recorded



This is a self-report, not an automatically graded language assessment.

Sources and next reading

The French passages, tasks, and explanations are original course material except the explicitly attributed short excerpt in lesson 26. News-style passages describe invented events. Fiction is not quoted from or attributed to Modiano. Translations give contextual readings, not universal word equivalents.

These selected university grammar references support the mechanisms. Their exercises and characters are not reused. Automated tests check authored data and interface behavior, not linguistic correctness, learning effectiveness, or a CEFR level. No independent French-teacher review has been completed.

For easier continuous reading, reread an earlier passage with its support closed, then try a graded reader on a familiar subject. Revisit several useful expressions in a later session.